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Locative adverb
A locative adverb is a type of adverb that refers to a location or to a combination of a location and a relation to that location. Generally, a locative adverb is semantically equivalent to a prepositional phrase involving a locative or directional preposition. In English, for example, "homeward" is a locative adverb, specifying a location "home" and a relation "toward" (in this case a direction), and is equivalent to the phrase "toward home". The relation need not be a direction, as it can be any relation that can be specified by a locational preposition such as "to, from, in, at, near, toward, away from, etc." For example, the word "home" is itself a locative adverb in a sentence like "I took him home today" or "I found him home today"; in the former case, it is equivalent to the phrase "to home", and in the latter to the phrase "at home".
Pro-form locative adverbs generally form a closed class and are particularly important in a language. Examples in English include "there" (= "at that place"), "whither" (= "to what place"), and "hence" (= "from this place"). As can be seen from these examples, the anaphoric locative adverbs generally have a close relationship with the demonstratives (in English, "this" and "that"). They are also usually closely related to locative interrogative adverbs; in English, there is even a formal relationship between "where/there/here", "whither/thither/hither", and "whence/thence/hence".
Some anaphoric locatives in English:
A fuller table is in the article on pro-forms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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